drizzle-kit check CLI invocation with dialect option
To run drizzle-kit check with dialect specified as a CLI option, use: npx drizzle-kit check --dialect=sqlite
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drizzle-kit
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drizzle-kit check CLI invocation with config file
To run drizzle-kit check with a config file containing the dialect setting, use: npx drizzle-kit check
drizzle-kit check examples with out option
Examples of drizzle-kit check with configuration: npx drizzle-kit check --dialect=sqlite and npx drizzle-kit check --dialect=sqlite --out=./migrations-folder
drizzle-kit pull with CLI options
The drizzle-kit pull command can be run with CLI options instead of a config file: 'npx drizzle-kit pull --dialect=sqlite --url=./sqlite.db'.
drizzle-kit pull tablesFilter configuration
The tablesFilter option is a glob-based table names filter for introspection. Examples: ['users', 'user_info'] or 'user*'. Default is '*' which includes all tables.
drizzle-kit pull generated schema output
When drizzle-kit pull generates a schema.ts file, it uses drizzle-orm/sqlite-core modules. For example, an integer primary key with autoincrement is generated as: p.integer().primaryKey({ autoIncrement: true }), text columns as p.text(), and unique columns as p.text().unique().
Expo SQLite and OP SQLite pull limitations
Drizzle Kit cannot pull database schema from Expo SQLite and OP SQLite because they are on-device per-user databases with no way to introspect the schema. For embedded databases, Drizzle provides embedded migrations instead.
drizzle-kit pull default table introspection
By default, drizzle-kit pull introspects all SQLite tables in the database.
drizzle-kit pull d1-http driver configuration
To use Cloudflare D1 HTTP with drizzle-kit pull, set dialect to 'sqlite', driver to 'd1-http', and provide dbCredentials with accountId, databaseId, and token fields.
drizzle-kit generate schema file paths with glob patterns
The schema configuration option accepts glob patterns to specify one or multiple schema files spread across the project. This allows flexible schema organization.
drizzle-kit generate with CLI options
You can pass configuration directly via CLI: npx drizzle-kit generate --dialect=sqlite --schema=./src/schema.ts
drizzle-kit generate integration with other migration tools
Generated migrations can be applied using drizzle-kit migrate command, drizzle-orm's migrate() function, external migration tools like bytebase, or by running migrations directly on the database.
drizzle-kit generate extended example with custom path
Example: Create drizzle.config.ts in configs folder with dialect: 'sqlite', schema: './src/schema.ts', out: './migrations'. Then run: npx drizzle-kit generate --config=./configs/drizzle.config.ts --name=seed-users --custom. This generates migrations in ./migrations folder with custom names.
drizzle-kit generate required parameters
The drizzle-kit generate command requires two parameters: dialect (must be 'sqlite' for SQLite) and schema (path to TypeScript schema file(s) or folder with multiple schema files). These can be set via drizzle.config.ts or CLI options.
drizzle-kit generate output structure
The generate command creates a timestamped migration folder containing migration.sql and snapshot.json files. The default output folder is ./drizzle. The migration folder name uses format like 20242409125510_description.
drizzle-kit export with CLI options
Example of drizzle-kit export with CLI options: Run `npx drizzle-kit export --dialect=sqlite --schema=./src/schema.ts`. This provides both dialect and schema options directly via command line without requiring a config file.
drizzle-kit export CLI options
The `drizzle-kit export` command has the following CLI-only options: `--sql` (generating SQL representation of Drizzle Schema, default is true). By default, Drizzle Kit outputs SQL files.
drizzle-kit export complete example
Example: Create drizzle.config.ts in configs folder with: ```ts import { defineConfig } from "drizzle-kit"; export default defineConfig({ dialect: "sqlite", schema: "./src/schema.ts", }); ``` Create schema.ts in src folder with: ```ts import { sqliteTable, integer, text } from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-core' export const users = sqliteTable('users', { id: integer().primaryKey({ autoIncrement: true }), email: text().notNull(), name: text() }); ``` Run: `npx drizzle-kit export --config=./configs/drizzle.config.ts` Output: ```sql CREATE TABLE `users` ( `id` integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, `email` text NOT NULL, `name` text ); ```
drizzle-kit export full parameter reference
Parameters for `drizzle-kit export`: `dialect` (required, database dialect such as sqlite), `schema` (required, path to typescript schema file(s) or folder(s) with multiple schema files), `config` (optional, configuration file path, defaults to drizzle.config.ts).
drizzle-kit migrate with config file for SQLite
To use drizzle-kit migrate with a config file for SQLite, define drizzle.config.ts with dialect set to 'sqlite', schema path, and dbCredentials with url pointing to the SQLite database file. Then run: npx drizzle-kit migrate
drizzle-kit generate creates migration SQL files
Running npx drizzle-kit generate --name=init creates a migration folder with the schema as SQL. For example, it creates ./drizzle/0000_init.sql containing the CREATE TABLE statement.
customize migrations log table in drizzle.config.ts
To customize the migrations log table name, set the migrations.table property in drizzle.config.ts. For example: migrations: { table: 'my-migrations-table' } sets the table to 'my-migrations-table' instead of the default '__drizzle_migrations'.
drizzle-kit migrate as CLI options
You can pass dialect and database URL directly as CLI options without a config file: npx drizzle-kit migrate --dialect=sqlite --url=./sqlite.db
Configure drizzle-kit studio host and port via CLI options
The drizzle-kit studio command accepts --host and --port CLI options to configure the server address. Default host is 127.0.0.1 and default port is 4983. Examples: drizzle-kit studio --port=3000, drizzle-kit studio --host=0.0.0.0, drizzle-kit studio --host=0.0.0.0 --port=3000
drizzle-kit studio command starts local Drizzle Studio server
The drizzle-kit studio command spins up a server for Drizzle Studio hosted on local.drizzle.studio. By default it starts on 127.0.0.1:4983. It requires database connection credentials to be specified in the drizzle.config.ts config file.
SQLite drizzle.config.ts dbCredentials format
For SQLite, the drizzle.config.ts file should have dialect set to 'sqlite' and dbCredentials with a url property pointing to the database file path. Example: dialect: 'sqlite', dbCredentials: { url: './sqlite.db' }
drizzle-kit push tablesFilter configuration
drizzle-kit push will manage all SQLite tables by default. You can configure the list of tables via the tablesFilter option, which accepts a glob-based table names filter such as ["users", "user_info"] or "user*". The default is "*".
Expo SQLite and OP SQLite cannot use drizzle-kit push
Expo SQLite and OP SQLite are on-device (per-user) databases and there is no way to push migrations there using drizzle-kit push. For embedded databases, Drizzle provides embedded migrations instead.
drizzle-kit push database driver selection
Drizzle Kit does not come with a pre-bundled database driver and will automatically pick an available SQLite driver from your current project based on the dialect. For Cloudflare D1 HTTP, you must specify driver: "d1-http" explicitly in the config.
drizzle-kit push config file example with SQLite
Example drizzle.config.ts for SQLite: import { defineConfig } from "drizzle-kit"; export default defineConfig({ dialect: "sqlite", schema: "./src/schema.ts", dbCredentials: { url: "./sqlite.db" } });
drizzle-kit push CLI example with all options
Example CLI command for drizzle-kit push: npx drizzle-kit push --dialect=sqlite --schema=./src/schema.ts --url=./sqlite.db
drizzle-kit push generated SQL example
When drizzle-kit push is run, it generates and applies SQL migrations. For a users table with an auto-increment id and text name, the generated SQL is: CREATE TABLE `users`( `id` integer primary key autoincrement, `name` text )
drizzle-kit push CLI example with tablesFilter
Example to use tablesFilter with drizzle-kit push: npx drizzle-kit push --tablesFilter='user*' dialect=sqlite schema=src/schema.ts url=./sqlite.db
drizzle-kit up CLI parameters
The drizzle-kit up command accepts the following CLI parameters: dialect (required) - the database dialect being used, can be sqlite or other supported dialects; out (optional) - migrations folder path, defaults to ./drizzle; config (optional) - configuration file path, defaults to drizzle.config.ts.
drizzle-kit up with CLI options
When using drizzle-kit up with CLI options, run npx drizzle-kit up --dialect=sqlite.
Adding stored generated expression to existing column requires table recreation
In Drizzle Kit's push and generate commands, adding a stored generated expression to an existing column will cause table recreation.
Adding virtual generated expression to existing column requires column recreation
In Drizzle Kit's push and generate commands, adding a virtual generated expression to an existing column will cause column recreation.
Switching from stored to virtual mode requires column recreation
In Drizzle Kit's push and generate commands, changing the generated mode from stored to virtual will cause column recreation.
Switching from virtual to stored mode requires table recreation
In Drizzle Kit's push and generate commands, changing the generated mode from virtual to stored will cause table recreation.
tablesFilter in drizzle-kit configuration
Use tablesFilter in drizzle-kit config to filter which tables to process during migrations. For example, tablesFilter: ['project1_*'] filters to only tables matching the pattern.
JavaScript and TypeScript migrations are not yet available
As of the documentation date, Drizzle Kit does not yet support running custom JavaScript and TypeScript migration or seeding scripts. This feature is planned for an upcoming release and can be tracked in the GitHub discussion at https://github.com/drizzle-team/drizzle-orm/discussions/2832.
Custom migration file naming convention
Custom migration files are stored in the drizzle directory with a timestamp prefix followed by the migration name, for example: 20242409135510_seed-users. The timestamp ensures migrations are executed in order.
Custom migration file format and location
Custom migration files are SQL files with the naming pattern ./drizzle/<timestamp>_<migration-name>.sql. They contain standard SQL statements that can be executed with the drizzle-kit migrate command.
Generate custom migration files with drizzle-kit
To generate an empty custom migration file, use the command: drizzle-kit generate --custom --name=<migration-name>. This creates a custom migration file in the drizzle migrations directory that you can populate with custom SQL for DDL alterations not supported by Drizzle Kit or for data seeding. The generated file can then be run with the drizzle-kit migrate command.
drizzle-kit migrate command
The drizzle-kit migrate command applies generated SQL migration files to your database.
Drizzle Kit simple configuration example
A simple Drizzle Kit configuration for SQLite consists of defining the config with dialect set to 'sqlite' and schema pointing to the schema file path. Example: defineConfig({ dialect: 'sqlite', schema: './src/schema.ts' })
Drizzle Kit configuration requirements
Drizzle Kit requires at least two configuration values: the SQL dialect (set to 'sqlite' for SQLite databases) and the schema path. Configuration is done through a drizzle.config.ts configuration file or via CLI parameters.
Drizzle Kit CLI commands
Drizzle Kit provides the following CLI commands: drizzle-kit generate (generate SQL migration files based on schema), drizzle-kit migrate (apply generated SQL migration files to database), drizzle-kit pull (introspect database schema and convert to Drizzle schema), drizzle-kit push (push Drizzle schema to database), drizzle-kit check (check generated migrations for race conditions), drizzle-kit up (upgrade snapshots of previously generated migrations), drizzle-kit studio (connect to database and spin up proxy server for Drizzle Studio), and drizzle-kit export (convert TypeScript schema to raw SQL DDL).
drizzle-kit export command
The drizzle-kit export command converts a TypeScript schema into raw SQL DDL (Data Definition Language) and prints it out.
drizzle-kit studio command
The drizzle-kit studio command connects to your database and spins up a proxy server for Drizzle Studio, which provides a convenient interface for database browsing.
Drizzle Kit extended configuration options
Extended Drizzle Kit configuration includes: out (output directory for migrations), dialect (database type), schema (path to schema file), driver (database driver such as 'd1-http'), dbCredentials (database connection credentials), tablesFilter (filter for tables during introspection, '*' means all), introspect.casing (naming convention for introspection, e.g., 'camel'), migrations.table (custom migrations table name, defaults to '__drizzle_migrations__'), breakpoints (enable migration breakpoints), and verbose (enable verbose logging).
drizzle-kit check command
The drizzle-kit check command walks through all generated migrations and checks for any race conditions or collisions in the generated migrations.
drizzle-kit up command
The drizzle-kit up command is used to upgrade snapshots of previously generated migrations.
drizzle-kit push command
The drizzle-kit push command pushes your Drizzle schema directly to the database either upon initial declaration or on subsequent schema changes, without requiring manual migration file generation and application steps.
drizzle-kit pull command
The drizzle-kit pull command introspects your database schema, converts it to a Drizzle schema format, and saves it to your codebase.
Drizzle migration folder structure
Generated migrations are stored in a drizzle folder with timestamped subfolders (e.g., drizzle/20242409125510_premium_mister_fear) containing migration.sql and snapshot.json files.
Five codebase-first migration approaches
Drizzle supports five codebase-first approaches: 1) push schema directly to database with drizzle-kit push, 2) generate SQL files with drizzle-kit generate and apply with drizzle-kit migrate, 3) generate SQL files and apply at runtime with migrate function, 4) generate SQL files and apply manually or via external tools, 5) export SQL and apply via external tools like Atlas.
drizzle-kit migrate applies unapplied migrations
The `drizzle-kit migrate` command reads migration.sql files in the migrations folder, fetches migration history from the database, picks previously unapplied migrations, and applies new migrations to the database.
Apply migrations at runtime in serverless deployments
Runtime migrations are widely used in monolithic applications during zero downtime deployment and rollback DDL changes if something fails. This approach is also used in serverless deployments with migrations running in a custom resource once during the deployment process.
drizzle-kit export for SQL output
Use `drizzle-kit export` to output the SQL representation of your Drizzle schema to the console. Read your Drizzle schema, generate SQL representation, and output to console for use with external migration tools like Atlas.