drizzle-seed f.default() generator
The f.default() generator returns a constant default value for a column. It accepts defaultValue as a parameter. Example: f.default({ defaultValue: 0 }) always returns 0.
Drizzle · SQLite · all subjects
drizzle-kit
245 notes in this subject, read out of this brain and free to use. This is page 3 of 5.
drizzle-seed with limitation for relationships
The with option works only for one-to-many relationships. For example, you can use users with posts (one user has many posts), but not posts with users. Additionally, due to TypeScript limitations, the with option displays all tables in the schema and requires manual selection of tables with the appropriate relationship.
drizzle-seed type limitations for third parameter
drizzle-seed currently lacks type support for the third parameter in Drizzle tables. While the code will work at runtime, it will not function correctly at the TypeScript type level.
Organize schema in single file
The most common way to organize a Drizzle schema is to put all table definitions into a single `schema.ts` file (or `models.ts` or any name of choice). In `drizzle.config.ts`, specify the path with `schema: './src/db/schema.ts'`.
Organize schema in multiple files
Tables and models can be spread across multiple files. In `drizzle.config.ts`, specify a folder path with `schema: './src/db/schema'` and Drizzle-Kit will recursively find and import all Drizzle tables from that folder. All models must be exported from their files.
Schema must be exported for Drizzle-Kit migration
All models defined in schema files must be exported so that Drizzle-Kit can import them and use them in the migration diff process.
v1 migration folder structure changes
Drizzle v1 updates the migrations folder structure by removing journal.json, grouping SQL files and snapshots into separate migration folders, and removing the drizzle-kit drop command. These changes eliminate potential Git conflicts with the journal file and simplify the process of dropping or fixing conflicted migrations.
Drizzle v1 upgrade: drizzle-kit up command
To upgrade from Drizzle v0 to v1, run 'drizzle-kit up' to automatically migrate from the old migration folder structure to the new one.
Drizzle Kit architectural redesign in v1
Drizzle Kit v1 migrates from database snapshots to DDL snapshots as part of an architectural redesign.
Commutativity checks in Drizzle v1
Drizzle v1 adds commutativity checks to detect non-commutative migrations across branches.
drizzle-kit push --explain shows SQL without executing
The `drizzle-kit push --explain` command shows the SQL that would be executed without actually running it, allowing users to preview changes before applying them.
drizzle-kit check detects non-commutative migrations across branches
The `drizzle-kit check` command detects non-commutative migrations across branches (e.g., two branches altering the same column). It builds a DAG from snapshot `prevIds`, finds fork points where branches diverged, computes DDL diffs from parent snapshot to each branch leaf, and checks conflicts using a footprint map of which DDL statement types can interfere. The report identifies exactly which migrations on which branches are incompatible.
drizzle-kit --ignore-conflicts flag bypasses commutativity checks
The `--ignore-conflicts` flag can be passed to `drizzle-kit check` and `drizzle-kit generate` to bypass commutativity checks when conflicts are expected.
Migration table updated with name and applied_at columns in v1
In v1, the migration table is automatically upgraded when running `drizzle-kit up`. Two new columns are added: `name` (text, the full migration folder name like '20250220153045_brave_wolverine') and `applied_at` (text, timestamp of execution; pre-existing rows backfilled with NULL). Migrations are now matched by full folder name instead of timestamps. Existing rows are backfilled using: (1) millis match—truncate stored millis to seconds and match against local folder timestamps, (2) hash tiebreaker—if multiple migrations share the same second, disambiguate via SQL hash, (3) hash-only fallback—if millis matching fails, match by hash alone.
Migrator applies all missing migrations regardless of timestamp ordering
In v1, the migrator now detects and applies every missing migration regardless of timestamp ordering. Previously it only looked for migrations with a creation date later than the last applied one. All migrations are matched against the full folder name (14-digit UTC timestamp + name suffix).
TS schema file processing only accepts specific extensions
Only files with the following extensions are processed by drizzle-kit: `.js`, `.mjs`, `.cjs`, `.jsx`, `.ts`, `.mts`, `.cts`, `.tsx`. All other file types are ignored.
Drizzle-kit migrated from esbuild-register to tsx loader
Drizzle-kit has been migrated from `esbuild-register` to `tsx` loader for seamless ESM and CJS support. This includes native Bun and Deno launch support.
Top-level await supported in drizzle config and schema files
Top-level `await` is now supported in `drizzle.config.ts` and schema files on Node.js.
Foreign key names now passed through to generated SQL in v1
In v0, drizzle-kit did not include the `name` property from foreignKey() in generated SQL. Starting with v1, FK names are now passed through. After upgrading to v1, the first `push` will produce a diff that recreates the table if the database has no FK name but the TypeScript schema does. To avoid this recreation, remove the FK name from the TypeScript schema, and no diff will be generated.
New migration folder structure v3 removes journal.json
Migration folder structure has changed in v1: journal.json is no longer used, SQL files and snapshots are grouped into separate migration folders, and the `drizzle-kit drop` command has been removed. These changes eliminate potential Git conflicts with the journal file and simplify fixing conflicted migrations.
drizzle-kit push --strict deprecated, behavior is now default
The `--strict` flag has been removed from `drizzle-kit push`. The strict behavior is now the default: `drizzle-kit push` always prompts for confirmation for data-loss statements unless the `--force` flag is passed. Use `drizzle-kit push --explain` to preview SQL before execution.
drizzle-kit pull --init creates migration table and marks first migration as applied
The `drizzle-kit pull --init` command creates the drizzle migration table and marks the first pulled migration as applied.
migrations config option
The migrations configuration option lets you configure the migrations log table name and schema name. Type is { table: string, schema: string }. Default is { table: '__drizzle_migrations', schema: 'drizzle' }. Used by commands: migrate, push, pull.
drizzle.config.ts minimal configuration
A minimal Drizzle Kit configuration file requires three fields: dialect set to the database type, schema path pointing to the schema file(s), and out pointing to the output folder for migrations. The default out folder is 'drizzle' if not specified.
dialect config option
The dialect configuration option specifies the type of database you are using. It is required and has no default value. It is used by commands: generate, push, pull, studio, migrate, up, export.
dbCredentials config option
The dbCredentials configuration option specifies database connection credentials. It accepts either a connection string URL or individual connection parameters (host, port, user, password, database, ssl). Type is database-dialect specific. No default value. Used by commands: push, pull, migrate, studio.
introspect casing option
The introspect.casing configuration option controls the casing of generated column keys during drizzle-kit pull. Accepts 'preserve' or 'camel'. Default is 'camel'. Used by pull command. 'camel' converts column names to camelCase (e.g., first_name becomes firstName), while 'preserve' keeps original column names.
tablesFilter config option
The tablesFilter configuration option lets you specify glob-based table names filter using patterns like ['users', 'user_info'] or 'user*'. Type is string or string[]. No default value. Used by commands: push, pull.
schemaFilter config option
The schemaFilter configuration option lets you specify glob-based schema names filter using patterns like ['public', 'auth'] or 'tenant_*'. Type is string[]. Used by commands: push, pull.
verbose config option
The verbose configuration option prints all SQL statements during drizzle-kit push command. Type is boolean. Default is false. Used by pull command.
Migration folder structure
The out parameter defines the folder for migrations. Migration folders contain subdirectories with .sql migration files used by drizzle-kit. You can have separate schemas for different databases in the same project with different migration folders for each.
CockroachDB dbCredentials with URL
When connecting to CockroachDB via dbCredentials with a connection string, use the format: 'postgres://user:password@host:port/db'.
CockroachDB dbCredentials with connection parameters
When connecting to CockroachDB via dbCredentials with individual parameters, use: host, port (default 26257), user, password, database, and ssl (can be boolean, 'require', 'allow', 'prefer', 'verify-full', or options from node:tls).
drizzle.config.ts extended example
Extended Drizzle Kit configuration includes: out (output folder), dialect, schema (schema file path), dbCredentials (connection details), schemaFilter (glob pattern for schemas to manage), tablesFilter (glob pattern for tables to manage), introspect (with casing option), migrations (log table and schema names), entities (role management settings), breakpoints (statement breakpoint flag), and verbose (SQL statement printing flag).
drizzle-kit check command purpose
The drizzle-kit check command lets you check consistency of your generated SQL migrations history. It is extremely useful when you have multiple developers working on the project and altering database schema on different branches.
drizzle-kit check requires dialect specification
The drizzle-kit check command requires you to specify dialect, which can be provided either via the drizzle.config.ts config file or via CLI options.
drizzle-kit check with config file
To use drizzle-kit check with a config file, add dialect: 'cockroach' to your drizzle.config.ts file and run npx drizzle-kit check.
drizzle-kit check with CLI dialect option
To use drizzle-kit check with a CLI option, run npx drizzle-kit check --dialect=cockroach without needing a config file.
drizzle-kit check --ignore-conflicts flag
The --ignore-conflicts flag allows the check command to skip commutativity checks and bypass conflict validation. This flag should be used cautiously as there is likely a bug if it is needed, and you should report the case to the Drizzle team.
drizzle-kit check CLI configuration options
The drizzle-kit check command supports the following CLI options: dialect (required) specifies the database dialect being used and can be one of the supported dialects; out (optional) specifies the migrations folder with default value of ./drizzle; config (optional) specifies the configuration file path with default value of drizzle.config.ts.
drizzle-kit check examples with options
Example commands: npx drizzle-kit check --dialect=cockroach and npx drizzle-kit check --dialect=cockroach --out=./migrations-folder
drizzle-kit export command purpose
The drizzle-kit export command exports SQL representation of a Drizzle schema and prints the SQL DDL representation to the console. It is designed for the codebase-first approach of managing Drizzle migrations and allows external tools like Atlas to handle migrations.
drizzle-kit export how it works
The drizzle-kit export command works in three steps: (1) It reads through the Drizzle schema file(s) and composes a JSON snapshot of the schema, (2) Based on the JSON snapshot it generates SQL DDL statements, (3) It outputs SQL DDL statements to the console.
drizzle-kit export required parameters
The drizzle-kit export command requires two parameters: dialect (the database dialect, required) and schema (path to typescript schema file(s) or folder(s) with multiple schema files, required). These can be set via drizzle.config.ts config file or via CLI options.
drizzle-kit export optional parameters
The drizzle-kit export command has the following optional parameters: config (configuration file path, default is drizzle.config.ts) and --sql (generating SQL representation of Drizzle Schema, default is true).
drizzle-kit export with config file example
Example of drizzle-kit export with config file: Create drizzle.config.ts with dialect set to 'cockroach' and schema set to './src/schema.ts'. Then run 'npx drizzle-kit export' to output SQL DDL representation to console.
drizzle-kit export with CLI options example
drizzle-kit export can be run with CLI options instead of a config file: npx drizzle-kit export --dialect=cockroach --schema=./src/schema.ts
drizzle-kit export schema file paths with glob patterns
Schema files can be specified as a single schema.ts file or multiple schema files spread across the project. Drizzle Kit requires paths to be specified as a glob pattern via the schema configuration option.
drizzle-kit export multiple configuration files
Multiple config files can be used in one project by specifying the --config option. For example: npx drizzle-kit export --config=drizzle-dev.config.ts and npx drizzle-kit export --config=drizzle-prod.config.ts. This is useful for multiple database stages or different databases in the same project.
drizzle-kit export with custom config folder example
Example: Create drizzle.config.ts in configs folder with dialect 'cockroach' and schema './src/schema.ts'. Create schema.ts in src folder with a users table. Run: npx drizzle-kit export --config=./configs/drizzle.config.ts. Output: CREATE TABLE "users" ( "id" int4 PRIMARY KEY, "email" string NOT NULL, "name" string );
drizzle-kit generate command purpose
The drizzle-kit generate command generates SQL migrations based on your Drizzle schema upon declaration or on subsequent schema changes.
drizzle-kit generate workflow steps
The generate command performs the following sequence: 1) reads through Drizzle schema files and composes a JSON snapshot of the schema, 2) reads through previous migration folders and compares the current JSON snapshot to the most recent one, 3) generates SQL migrations based on JSON differences, 4) saves migration.sql and snapshot.json in the migration folder under a current timestamp directory.
drizzle-kit generate required options
The drizzle-kit generate command requires two options: dialect (the database dialect as a required field) and schema (path to typescript schema file(s) or folder(s) with multiple schema files as a required field). These can be set via drizzle.config.ts or via CLI options.
drizzle-kit generate with config file
Example showing drizzle-kit generate with config file: define a drizzle.config.ts with dialect and schema options, then run 'npx drizzle-kit generate' without additional options.
drizzle-kit generate with CLI options
You can pass generate options directly via CLI: 'npx drizzle-kit generate --dialect=cockroach --schema=./src/schema.ts'
drizzle-kit generate custom migration file name
You can set a custom migration file name by providing the --name CLI option. For example, 'npx drizzle-kit generate --name=init' creates a migration folder named with a timestamp followed by '_init'.
drizzle-kit generate custom migrations
You can generate empty migration files to write custom SQL migrations for DDL alterations not supported by Drizzle Kit or for data seeding. Use the command: 'drizzle-kit generate --custom --name=seed-users'
drizzle-kit generate ignore-conflicts option
You can skip commutativity checks with the --ignore-conflicts CLI option. Use: 'drizzle-kit generate --ignore-conflicts'. The default value is false. If you need to use this option, there may be a bug in drizzle-kit that should be reported.
drizzle-kit generate CLI-only options
The drizzle-kit generate command has the following CLI-only options: custom (generate empty SQL for custom migration), name (generate migration with custom name), and ignore-conflicts (skip commutativity conflict checks, default is false).
drizzle-kit generate configuration options table
Configuration options for drizzle-kit generate: dialect (required, database dialect), schema (required, path to typescript schema file(s) or folder(s) with multiple schema files), out (migrations output folder, default is './drizzle'), config (configuration file path, default is 'drizzle.config.ts'), breakpoints (SQL statements breakpoints, default is true).