Generate migrations with drizzle-kit for Encore
Run the command 'drizzle-kit generate' to create migration files from your schema. These files are generated in the migrations folder as configured in drizzle.config.ts.
drizzle-kit/migrations
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drizzle-kit migrate command applies generated migrations to database
The drizzle-kit migrate command applies generated SQL migrations from the migrations directory to the database. It is safe to run on every startup because already-applied migrations are skipped. Run with: bunx drizzle-kit migrate
Apply migrations locally with Supabase
To apply migrations locally, first run 'supabase start' to start the Supabase local development stack, then run 'supabase migration up' to apply the migrations. Docker must be running for this to work.
Apply Supabase migrations using Supabase CLI
After generating migrations with npx drizzle-kit generate, initialize local Supabase with supabase init, link to remote project with supabase link, then push changes with supabase db push. For tables that already exist, manually review generated migration files and comment out or adjust unsafe CREATE statements while ensuring safe conditional creates like CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS are properly handled.
Generate and run Drizzle migrations for Supabase
Use npx drizzle-kit generate to generate migrations. This creates SQL files in the supabase/migrations directory as specified in drizzle.config.ts, along with a meta folder containing schema snapshots. Use npx drizzle-kit migrate to run the generated migrations. Alternatively, use npx drizzle-kit push for quick prototyping without managing migration files.
Generate migrations for Turso
Run `npx drizzle-kit generate` to create SQL migration files based on the schema. Migrations are stored in the directory specified in `drizzle.config.ts` (default `migrations`), along with a `meta` folder containing snapshots of the schema at different migration stages.
Apply migrations to Turso
Run `npx drizzle-kit migrate` to apply generated migration files to the Turso database. Alternatively, use `npx drizzle-kit push` for rapid prototyping in development to skip managing migration files.
Generate migrations with drizzle-kit
Run npx drizzle-kit generate to generate migration files. These are stored in the migrations directory as specified in drizzle.config.ts and include SQL files and a meta folder with snapshots of the schema at different migration stages.
Zero-downtime migrations with pre-deploy command
On Railway, zero-downtime migrations can be achieved by running npx drizzle-kit migrate as a pre-deploy step using the pre-deploy command feature. This runs between build and deploy phases, has access to private network and environment variables, and prevents deployment if it fails. Remove the migrate() call from application startup code when using this approach.
Generate migrations with drizzle-kit
Run npx drizzle-kit generate to create migration SQL files based on your schema. The generate command only creates migration files and does not apply changes to the database. Generated SQL files are stored in the migrations directory specified in drizzle.config.ts.
Apply migrations with drizzle-kit
Run npx drizzle-kit migrate to apply generated migration SQL files to the database. Already applied migrations are skipped, making it safe to run on every startup.
drizzle-kit migrate command applies migrations directly
A new `drizzle-kit migrate` command has been added that applies generated migrations to your database directly from drizzle-kit. By default, drizzle-kit stores migration data entries in the '__drizzle_migrations' table and in a 'drizzle' schema for PostgreSQL.
drizzle-kit 0.21.0 PostgreSQL and SQLite migration snapshot upgrade
All PostgreSQL and SQLite-generated migration snapshots must be upgraded to version 6 when migrating to drizzle-kit 0.21.0. Run `drizzle-kit up` to automatically upgrade all snapshots.
drizzle-kit generate command with custom migration name
The `drizzle-kit generate` command now supports the `--name` flag to specify a custom name for generated migrations. Example: `drizzle-kit generate --name init_db`
drizzle-kit up migration command
Run drizzle-kit up to migrate from the old migration folder structure to the new one. This command converts your existing migrations to the new format.
Drizzle v1 migration folder structure changes
The new migration folder structure removes journal.json, groups SQL files and snapshots into separate migration folders, and removes the drizzle-kit drop command. These changes eliminate potential Git conflicts with the journal file and simplify fixing conflicted migrations.
Commutativity checks added to drizzle-kit
Drizzle v1 adds commutativity checks to detect non-commutative migrations across branches, preventing issues when merging migration changes from different branches.
MySQL and SQLite index expressions behavior in drizzle-kit v0.22.0
In drizzle-kit v0.22.0, MySQL and SQLite now properly map expressions into SQL queries. Expressions are not escaped as strings, but columns are properly referenced. Example: uniqueIndex('emailUniqueIndex').on(sql`lower(${table.email})`) now generates CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `emailUniqueIndex` ON `users` (lower(`email`)) instead of the previous CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `emailUniqueIndex` ON `users` (`lower("users"."email")`)
breakpoints config property for drizzle-kit
The breakpoints property controls whether Drizzle Kit embeds '--> statement-breakpoint' markers into generated SQL migration files. Type: boolean. Default: true. Commands: generate, pull. These breakpoints are necessary for databases like MySQL and SQLite that do not support multiple DDL alteration statements in one transaction.
Migration folder structure and contents
The output folder specified by the 'out' property contains numbered migration folders (e.g., 20242409125510_premium_mister_fear) with .sql migration files used by drizzle-kit. It may also contain TypeScript files for schema definitions.
migrations config property for drizzle-kit
The migrations property configures where Drizzle Kit records successfully applied migrations in the database. Type: { table: string }. Default: { table: '__drizzle_migrations' }. Commands: migrate, push, pull. Allows changing the migrations log table name, e.g., { table: 'my-migrations-table' }.
drizzle-kit generate migration output structure
When you run drizzle-kit generate, it creates a migration folder with a timestamp-based name that contains two files: migration.sql (the SQL migration) and snapshot.json (the schema snapshot). For example, a migration named 'init' might be stored in drizzle/20242409125510_init/ with migration.sql and snapshot.json inside.
drizzle-kit generate --ignore-conflicts option
You can use the --ignore-conflicts CLI option to skip commutativity checks and bypass conflict detection in the generate command. The default is false. This should only be used if you believe drizzle-kit has a bug in checking migrations; if you use this option, please report the case so the bug can be fixed.
drizzle-kit generate command purpose
The drizzle-kit generate command generates SQL migrations based on your Drizzle schema upon declaration or on subsequent schema changes. It is designed to cover the code-first approach of managing Drizzle migrations.
drizzle-kit generate process steps
The drizzle-kit generate command triggers a sequence of events: (1) It reads through your Drizzle schema file(s) and composes a JSON snapshot of your schema, (2) It reads through your previous migrations folders and compares the current JSON snapshot to the most recent one, (3) Based on JSON differences it generates SQL migrations, (4) Saves migration.sql and snapshot.json in a migration folder under a current timestamp.
drizzle-kit generate required options
The drizzle-kit generate command requires both dialect and schema path options. You can set them either via drizzle.config.ts config file or via CLI options.
drizzle-kit generate config file example
You can configure drizzle-kit generate using a drizzle.config.ts file with dialect and schema properties, then run 'npx drizzle-kit generate' without additional options. Example: ```ts // drizzle.config.ts import { defineConfig } from "drizzle-kit"; export default defineConfig({ dialect: "mysql", schema: "./src/schema.ts", }); ``` Then run: `npx drizzle-kit generate`
drizzle-kit generate CLI options
You can run drizzle-kit generate with dialect and schema as CLI options instead of using a config file: `npx drizzle-kit generate --dialect=mysql --schema=./src/schema.ts`
drizzle-kit generate custom migration file name
You can set a custom migration file name by providing the --name CLI option. For example, 'npx drizzle-kit generate --name=init' will create a migration folder named with a timestamp followed by _init, such as 20242409125510_init.
drizzle-kit generate CLI options reference
The drizzle-kit generate command has the following CLI-only options: - custom: generate empty SQL for custom migration (boolean) - name: generate migration with custom name (string) - ignore-conflicts: skip commutativity conflict checks, default is false (boolean) - dialect: required, database dialect, one of supported dialects (string) - schema: required, path to TypeScript schema file(s) or folder(s) with multiple schema files (string) - out: migrations output folder, default is ./drizzle (string) - config: configuration file path, default is drizzle.config.ts (string) - breakpoints: SQL statements breakpoints, default is true (boolean)
drizzle-kit generate with custom migrations example
Example of generating a custom MySQL migration file named 0001_seed-users.sql with Drizzle schema located in ./src/schema.ts and migrations folder named ./migrations instead of default ./drizzle, with drizzle config file in configs folder: First, create the config file at configs/drizzle.config.ts: ```ts import { defineConfig } from "drizzle-kit"; export default defineConfig({ dialect: "mysql", schema: "./src/schema.ts", out: "./migrations", }); ``` Then run: `npx drizzle-kit generate --config=./configs/drizzle.config.ts --name=seed-users --custom` This generates a custom empty migration file in migrations/20242409125510_seed-users/migration.sql that you can fill with SQL statements like: ```sql INSERT INTO `users` (`name`) VALUES('Dan'); INSERT INTO `users` (`name`) VALUES('Andrew'); INSERT INTO `users` (`name`) VALUES('Dandrew'); ```
drizzle-kit generate with multiple config files
You can have multiple config files in a project, which is useful when you have multiple database stages, multiple databases, or different databases on the same project. Use the --config CLI option to specify which config file to use: 'npx drizzle-kit generate --config=drizzle-dev.config.ts' or 'npx drizzle-kit generate --config=drizzle-prod.config.ts'.